Optimal frequency of rabies vaccination campaigns in sub-saharan africa pdf
The aim of the first sub-regional Eastern Africa rabies network meeting, which included Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Rwanda, and Uganda, was to discuss how individual country strategies could be coordinated to address the unique challenges that are faced within the network.
Control measures for canine rabies include vaccination and reducing population density through culling or sterilization. Despite the evidence that culling fails to control canine rabies, efforts to reduce canine population density continue in many parts of the world.
Rabies causes more than 24 000 human deaths annually in Sub-Saharan Africa. The World Health Organization recommends annual canine vaccination campaigns with …
In addition, many bite victims in rural sub-Saharan Africa cannot afford this regimen, or in some cases are unable to access it within two days of a bite, as is required. These lives could be saved by annual vaccination campaigns, adds the researcher.
With 95–99% of human rabies cases coming from dog bites, Monique Eloit, director general of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), is keen to stress the importance of efforts in dog populations in any planned rabies elimination campaigns.
Field data. We reviewed field data from completed and ongoing pre-exposure prophylaxis campaigns in Peru and the Philippines. In Peru, the campaigns targeted people living in remote areas who were at risk of contracting rabies from vampire bats, whereas in the Philippines they targeted children at risk of dog-transmitted rabies.
Human cases of rabies notifi ed in Southern Africa Figure 4. Rabies vaccination in animals – Huila province (2009-2015) Figure 2. Dog vaccination Figure 5. Poster on rabies prevention R A A Figure 3. Map of human cases of rabies in Huila province (2009 and 2013) Meeting on rabies ue to the impressing proportion of children aff ected by rabies and animal bites, health education materials
Rabies post-exposure vaccination is essential for preventing this fatal disease but can be out of the financial reach of many bite victims. Vaccine shortages are common in developing countries and due to limited availability bite victims often need to travel long distances to obtain vaccine. Thus, patients often incur substantial costs and face dangerous delays in securing PEP and avoidable
Special Article Living with rabies in Africa S. Cleaveland, K. Hampson, M. Kaare VERY few people in Western Europe will ever die from rabies. Rabies is, at most, an inconvenience that means we have to vaccinate pets and put together detailed documentation for pet travel (www.defra.gov.uk). Some of
Robert P. Lavan, Alasdair I. MacG. King, David J. Sutton and Kaan Tunceli, Rationale and support for a One Health program for canine vaccination as the most cost-effective means of controlling zoonotic rabies in endemic settings, Vaccine, 35, 13, (1668), (2017).
Rabies vaccination campaigns are generally conducted annually but more frequent campaigns may be required in areas where population birth and death rates are high. All dogs and cats,
Discrepancies in Data Reporting for Rabies Africa
Synchronous cycles of domestic dog rabies in sub-Saharan
Potential for Rabies Control through Dog Vaccination in Wildlife-Abundant Communities of Tanzania Meagan C. Fitzpatrick1*, Katie Hampson2, Sarah Cleaveland2, Lauren Ancel Meyers3,4, Jeffrey P. Townsend5, Alison P. Galvani1 1 Division of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, New Haven
Bilinski AM, Fitzpatrick MC, Rupprecht CE, Paltiel AD, Galvani AP (2016) Optimal frequency of rabies vaccination campaigns in Sub-Saharan Africa. Proceedings of the Royal Society B …
The history of rabies in Africa is not well recorded, but it is well accepted that the disease must have been present in northern Africa for hundreds of years, particularly as an urban disease of dogs and also associated with cycles in the Middle East. Rabies became epizootic in many countries of sub-Saharan Africa only during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; in this region, the disease
21/01/2014 · The annual mortality rate of human rabies in rural Africa is 3.6 deaths per 100,000 individuals. Rabies can be prevented by prompt post-exposure prophylaxis, but this is costly and often inaccessible in rural Africa. As 99% of human exposures occur through rabid dogs, canine vaccination …
Optimal frequency of rabies vaccination campaigns in Sub-Saharan Africa. While previous studies have considered optimal coverage of animal rabies vaccination, variation in the frequency of vaccination campaigns has not been explored.
Optimal frequency of rabies vaccination campaigns in Sub-Saharan Africa. Authors: Alyssa M Bilinski Meagan C Fitzpatrick Charles E Rupprecht A David Paltiel Alison P Galvani
Effective vaccination campaigns need to reach a sufficient percentage of the population to eliminate disease and prevent future outbreaks, which for rabies is predicted to be 70%, at a cost that is economically and logistically sustainable.
A dog rabies vaccination campaign in rural Africa: impact on the incidence of dog rabies and human dog-bite injuries. (2003). A new method for estimating the effort required to control an infectious disease.
Rabies is a viral disease transmitted to humans usually by a bite or scratch from an infected animal (usually a dog). The disease is preventable if the correct post-exposure treatment (PET) is …
For example, in Zimbabwe between 1950 and 1995, the amplitude and interval of peaks in rabies varied (from 75 to 350 cases per year and interepidemic periods from 4 to 20 years) with the level of vaccination delivered during national vaccination campaigns (Bingham et al.
Rabies causes more than 24 000 human deaths annually in Sub-Saharan Africa. The World Health Organization recommends annual canine vaccination campaigns with at least 70% coverage to control the disease. While previous studies have considered optimal coverage of animal rabies vaccination, variation in the frequency of vaccination campaigns has not been explored. To evaluate the cost
Optimal Frequency of Rabies Vaccination Campaigns in Sub-Saharan Africa Supplemental Information! Alyssa M. Bilinski1, Meagan C. Fitzpatrick1, Charles E. Rupprecht2,
Dogs (Canis familiaris) are often free-roaming in sub-Saharan African countries. Rabies virus Rabies virus circulates in many of these populations and presents a public health issue.
Optimal frequency of rabies vaccination campaigns in Sub-Saharan Africa AM Bilinski, MC Fitzpatrick, CE Rupprecht, AD Paltiel, AP Galvani Proc. R. Soc. B 283 (1842), 20161211 , 2016
Examples of successful rabies control can be found in many parts of Latin America, where large-scale, nationally mandated dog vaccination campaigns in most countries across the region have greatly reduced the numbers of dog cases, human cases, and human deaths .
Abstract. Despite the existence of effective rabies vaccines for dogs, dog-transmitted human rabies persists and has reemerged in Africa. Two consecutive dog vaccination campaigns took place in Chad in 2012 and 2013 (coverage of 71% in both years) in the capital city of …
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1671. Correction(s) for this article. Correction to ‘Proto-cooperation: group hunting sailfish improve hunting success by
than in sub-Saharan Africa. Poor countries can hardly pay for millions of dogs to be vaccinated, and their governments often have trouble organizing vaccination campaigns across vast rural areas—even if they have the political will. Big donors, for their part, prefer to work on diseases with a higher death toll or believe that reaching enough dogs is too complicated. In fact, dog campaigns
In addition, many bite victims in rural sub-Saharan Africa cannot afford this regimen, or in some cases are unable to access it within two days of a bite, as is required. These lives could be
The major constraints against the control of rabies in dogs as identified by the respondents were inadequate supply of free rabies vaccines and poor advocacy during vaccination campaigns. Other constraints included a lack of identification to distinguish vaccinated versus unvaccinated dogs.
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of rabies control through annual canine vaccination campaigns in rural sub-Saharan Africa. Design: We model transmission dynamics in dogs and wildlife and assess empirical uncertainty in the biological variables to make probability-based evaluations of …
According to WHO estimates in 2000, measles accounted for approximately 777 000 deaths worldwide, of which around 60% occurred in sub-Saharan Africa. The number of cases reported to WHO/UNICEF dropped from 520 000 in 2000 to 316 000 in 2005. These data suggest that considerable progress has been made in reducing regional mortality from this disease, although the regional objectives have not
This becomes especially important for transplant recipients who travel to regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa and Saudi Arabia, where it is a pre-requisite for travel. Yellow fever vaccine Yellow fever becomes endemic in peak seasons in Sub-Saharan Africa and certain regions of South America.
Despite the main intervention of animal health authorities through mass vaccination campaigns of dogs and cats against rabies launched regularly on the international rabies day, dog rabies remains a threat to human health in Cameroon.
Transmission dynamics and economics of rabies control in
Most deaths are in sub-Saharan Africa (347 000 in the east Africa cluster and 231 000 in the west Africa cluster) and Asia (464 000), with much fewer in the Americas (33 000). Country-specific burden estimates are provided in the appendix .
In the context of dog rabies, this may not be the case since dog rabies vaccination campaigns typically target specific types of dogs, such as strays (11, 18). When control targets a single type of host then the required effort can be measured by the type-reproduction number ( 19 ).
through annual canine vaccination campaigns in rural sub-Saharan Africa. Design: We model transmission dynamics in dogs and wildlife and assess empirical uncertainty in the biological variables to make probability-based evaluations of cost-effectiveness. Data Sources: Epidemiologic variables from a contact-tracing study and literature and cost data from ongoing vaccination campaigns. Target
Vaccination is a clinical application of immunization designed to artificially help the body to defend itself. A vaccine against infection is a modified form of a natural immunogen, which may be either the whole pathogen, one of its components, or a toxin.
Meningitis outbreak response in sub-Saharan Africa
Optimal frequency of vaccination campaigns which target at risk dog sub-populations, while considering economics and measurable outcomes are critical to the planning and sustainability of dog rabies control programs in developing countries [8, 13].
Rabies is a global health threat that kills almost 60,000 people per year, with approximately 19,000 of these deaths occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. The canine rabies virus variant has been eliminated from most developing countries.
Rabies became epizootic in many countries of sub-Saharan Africa only during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; in this region, the disease became well-established in dogs and involved wildlife species over large areas .
past two decades rabies has been increasing in parts of sub- Saharan Africa and Asia, attributed to rapidly growing dog populations and increasing urbanization thereby leading to large proportion of free roaming dogs, density and mobility of human populations.
Abstract. Rabies causes more than 24 000 human deaths annually in Sub-Saharan Africa. The World Health Organization recommends annual canine vaccination campaigns with at least 70% coverage to control the disease.
rabies cases by a factor of 10 to 100 (18), then the cost- effectiveness would be –5 per averted death. Hence, mass vaccination of dogs is a comparatively inex-
Effectiveness of dog rabies vaccination programmes: dog rabies vaccination campaigns. Such cost data for Africa are scarce, with only three published cost per dog vaccination studies from sub-Saharan Africa [15–17]. We report in the present study the impact on dog rabies vaccination coverage when the owners are required to pay part of the costs of vaccination. MATERIAL AND METHODS N
Abstract. Background: The annual mortality rate of human rabies in rural Africa is 3.6 deaths per 100 000 persons. Rabies can be prevented with prompt postexposure prophylaxis, but this is costly and often inaccessible in rural Africa.
(PDF) Rabies Epidemiology and Control in Ecuador
RABIES IN ANGOLA RABIES ONE HEALTH SITUATION A ONE IZS
Postdoctoral Fellow, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 2016-2017 Biosketch The goal of my research is to describe the transmission of infectious diseases and to evaluate active or potential control strategies.
Despite the availability of safe and effective rabies vaccines, the incidence of dog rabies has been increasing throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa. Here we describe a vaccination strategy that has resulted in successful control of rabies in a rural dog population of Northwestern Tanzania. From October 1996 to February 2001, four central-point dog vaccination campaigns were conducted in
Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of rabies control through annual canine vaccination campaigns in rural sub-Saharan Africa. Design: We model transmission dynamics in dogs and wildlife and assess empirical uncertainty in the biological variables to make probability-based evaluations of cost-effectiveness.
6 Executive summary The meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa runs across the continent from Senegal to Ethiopia. This region is prone to major epidemics of meningococcal meningitis, with a high case fatality and serious
ITVC Travel Health Advice for Africa Including a visit to your local travel doctor before you go to Africa will help ensure you protect your health while you are away and increase the chances of coming home healthy. Travel Vaccination Recommendations…
For rabies in Africa, Hampson et al. obtained that according to the data from 2002 to 2007 when the peak of animal rabies cases was less then 30 weekly, which is far less than 393 the peak of monthly human rabies cases in China.
The conclusion that domestic dogs are the only maintenance population in such a species-rich community suggests that elimination of canine rabies through domestic dog vaccination is a realistic possibility, and provides grounds for optimism for wider-scale elimination efforts in Africa.
Optimal frequency of rabies vaccination campaigns in Sub-Saharan Africa Implementing Pasteur’s vision for rabies elimination Rabies control and elimination: a test case for One Health
Evidence for density-dependent feedbacks between rabies incidence and vaccination responses and the impacts of reactive and proactive vaccination campaigns. Rabies cases (solid black lines) and vaccine use (dotted gray lines) are plotted for Zimbabwe, South Africa, Kenya, Japan, New York, Chile, Tunisia, Israel, and Argentina (from refs.
Meagan C Fitzpatrick Google Scholar Citations
Living with rabies in Africa Katie Hampson Academia.edu
Education and awareness is especially important with rabies because human rabies vaccine, given as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), cannot be given in mass, vertical campaigns. “When a child gets bitten the mother needs to know to wash the wound and to …
Optimal frequency of rabies vaccination campaigns in Sub-Saharan Africa November 2016 · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Rabies causes more …
Effective vaccination campaigns need to reach a sufficient percentage of the population to eliminate disease and prevent future outbreaks, which for rabies is predicted to be 70%, at a cost that is economically and logistically sustainable. Domestic
Optimal frequency of rabies vaccination campaigns in Sub-Saharan Africa. Proceedings. Biological Sciences / The Royal Society 2016, 283. 2016 Proceedings. Biological Sciences / The …
A FEW OTHER CAMPAIGNS have emboldened rabies fighters in sub-Saharan Africa. A team led by Jakob Zinsstag, a veterinary epidemiologist at the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute in Basel
A FEW OTHER CAMPAIGNS have emboldened rabies fighters in sub-Saharan Africa. A team led by Jakob Zinsstag, a veterinary epidemiologist at the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute in Basel, eliminated canine-transmitted rabies for 2 years in N’Djamena, although one rabid dog was detected in 2014, apparently an invader from the countryside. KwaZulu-Natal has seen success at a bigger scale
Bilinski A, Fitzpatrick M, Rupprecht C, Paltiel A and Galvani A (2018) Optimal frequency of rabies vaccination campaigns in Sub-Saharan Africa, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 283:1842, Online publication date: 16-Nov-2016.
livery of vaccine. Optimal frequency of vaccination campaigns which target at risk dog sub-populations, while considering economics and measurable outcomes are crit-ical to the planning and sustainability of dog rabies control programs in developing countries [8, 13]. Two rabies virus variants are recognized in South Africa, respectively recognized in herpestids (mongooses, genets) and …
A David Paltiel MBA PhD > Medical Education at Yale
1. Introduction. Rabies exerts a major public health and economic burden: it is responsible for 55 000 deaths worldwide (predominantly in Africa and Asia), and expenditure on treatment and control exceeds US0 million per annum [1,2].
January 2014 vaccines and global health ethics and
Fitzpatrick Meagan University of Maryland School of
Cost-effectiveness of canine vaccination to prevent CORE
The potential effect of improved provision of rabies post
Meagan C Fitzpatrick ResearchGate
